@PhDThesis{	  itlic:2012-001,
  author	= {Gunnika Isaksson-Lutteman},
  title		= {Future Train Traffic Control -- Development and deployment
		  of new principles and systems in train traffic control},
  school	= {Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University},
  department	= {Division of Human-Computer Interaction},
  year		= {2012},
  number	= {2012-001},
  type		= {Licentiate thesis},
  month		= apr,
  day		= {3},
  abstract	= {The train traffic control system of the future requires
		  new solutions and strategies in order to better meet
		  tomorrow's demands and goals. Uppsala University and
		  Trafikverket has been collaborating for several years in
		  research regarding train traffic control and how to improve
		  traffic controllers' work environment. At an early stage in
		  the collaboration there have been studies and analysis of
		  important aspects of the traffic controller's tasks,
		  strategies, decision making, use of information and support
		  systems. This research resulted in new control paradigms,
		  from control by exception to control by re-planning. By
		  using this paradigm we developed and designed prototype
		  systems and interfaces that better could meet future goals
		  and contribute to more optimal use of infrastructure
		  capacity. Based on this research, a new operational traffic
		  control system called STEG, was developed in an iterative
		  and user-centred design process. The system was deployed
		  and tested operatively at a train traffic control centre in
		  Sweden. The following evaluations focused on what happens
		  when STEG is introduced in train traffic controllers' work
		  places. The evaluation of STEG showed satisfied users with
		  a feeling of active involvement during the design and
		  deployment processes, and the new control strategies are
		  functioning. STEG was seen as successful and was thereafter
		  developed into MULTI-STEG, intended to be used by several
		  users simultaneously and supporting them to share
		  information in a new way. MULTI-STEG was deployed and
		  tested at another train traffic control centre in Sweden.
		  The following evaluations of MULTI-STEG focused on what
		  happens when several users are involved and how train
		  traffic controllers felt of sharing information with each
		  other that before have been only in their own minds. Some
		  complications occurred due to mistakes in the deployment
		  process, but all together the evaluation showed positive
		  attitudes towards the new system and MULTI-STEG was
		  received as an efficient system for train traffic control.
		  
		  The main results are that STEG and MULTI-STEG can be used
		  as an efficient train traffic control system and the new
		  system can reduce the unnecessary cognitive load that the
		  traffic controllers suffer from with today's system. Also
		  the deployment process is crucial whether the users are
		  going to accept a new system or not. STEG was developed in
		  a user-centred design process, but it is important that the
		  deployment process is user-centered as well.}
}