@TechReport{	  it:2002-037,
  author	= {Bob Melander and Mats Bj{\"o}rkman},
  title		= {Trace-Driven Network Path Emulation},
  institution	= {Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University},
  department	= {Division of Computer Systems},
  year		= {2002},
  number	= {2002-037},
  month		= nov,
  abstract	= {This paper reports on on-going work where a trace-driven
		  approach to network path emulation is investigated. Time
		  stamped probe packets are sent along a network path whereby
		  a probe packet trace can be generated. It basically
		  contains the send times and the one-way delays/loss
		  indications of the probe packets. Inside the emulator, the
		  probe packet trace is used by a loss model and a delay
		  model. These determine if a packet should be dropped or
		  what the delay of the packet should be. Three loss models
		  and three delay models are evaluated. For non-responsive
		  UDP-based flows, the trace-driven loss and delay models
		  that determine loss and delay based on loss-rates and delay
		  distribution parameters calculated across the probe packet
		  trace using a small gliding window are found to perform
		  best. For adaptive TCP flows, none of the evaluated
		  trace-driven models performs well. Instead, the Bernoulli
		  loss model and an independent average delay model performs
		  best.}
}