@TechReport{	  it:2012-011,
  author	= {Martins da Silva, Margarida and Torbj{\"o}rn Wigren and
		  Teresa Mendonca},
  title		= {An Adaptive Controller for Propofol in Anesthesia under
		  Synergistic Remifentanil Disturbances},
  institution	= {Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University},
  department	= {Division of Systems and Control},
  year		= {2012},
  number	= {2012-011},
  month		= may,
  abstract	= {An adaptive controller for propofol administration relying
		  on a minimally parameterized SISO Wiener model for the
		  depth of anesthesia is proposed. The exact linearization of
		  this minimal Wiener structure using the continuous-time
		  model parameters estimated online by an extended Kalman
		  filter is a key point in the design. A linear quadratic
		  Gaussian controller is developed for the exactly linearized
		  system. The depth of anesthesia is considered to be
		  measured by the bispectral index. Excellent results were
		  obtained when the robustness of the proposed controller
		  with respect to inter and intrapatient variability was
		  assessed through simulations on a database of 500 patients.
		  The closed-loop system showed good disturbance rejection
		  properties when the synergistic effect of remifentanil in
		  the depth of anesthesia was considered.}
}